Reports: Business and technical reports

November 2, 2009

Sripatum University
61 Phaholyothin Rd.,
Jatujak, Bangkok
10900

Dear Prof. Dr. Wipawin,

As agreed, I am submitting the attached report entitled “Backpacking Travel.”

This report describes briefly on the history, types, culture, and criticism. Backpacking is not mainly considered as “vacation,” but more on educational purposes. Young students with limited budgets are mostly classified in this category of traveling, since they are the ones who yearn more of learning about different style of cultures, architectures, languages, landscapes, and ways of living, e.g.

I hope you find this report pleasant.

Sincerely yours,


Nitchuwan Tako, Class attendant

Paholyothin 57
Jatujak, Bangkok
10900


Report
On

Backpacking Travel

Submitted
To
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Namthip Wipawin, Lecturer
IBC101 Access to Library and Information Systems
Sripatum University (International College)

By
Nitchuwan Tako, Class Attendant
November 2, 2009



This report describes how the backpacking travel started and came to well-known activity; as there are large numbers of both local and international college/university students, who have traveled through this traditionally.

Table of Contents

Abstract

Introduction

History

Types of backpacking
- Flash-packing
- Gap-packing
- Mega-loping

Findings

Discussion

Conclusions

Recommendations

References



Abstract

Since the traveling revolution has been modified into various categories such as backpacking, business trip, green travel, recreation, and so on; individual person has different purposes on traveling. Nevertheless traveling reasons also base on budget, age, gender, life style, stress, special occasion, e.g.

In this report is to focus on backpacking travel, which I have personally been interested in. Backpacking is not concentrated alone on recreation but more on educational purpose. Learning about distinguish cultures, people, and places is endless; because there is always something new to learn about those things as time goes by.

However, backpackers are also considered risk-taking, adventurous, exploration loving, and spontaneous. For those who newly have come to know about ‘backpacking travel’ should also learn about safety and security before proceeding on any backpacking trip.


Introduction
Travel is the change in location of people on a trip through the means of transport from one location to another. Travel is most commonly for recreation (as part of tourism or to visit friends and family), for business or for commuting; but may be for numerous other reasons, such as migration, fleeing war, etc. Travel may occur by walking or human-powered mode, or through mechanical vehicles, either as private or public transport.
Travel may be local, regional, national or international. In some countries, non-local internal travel may require an internal passport, while international travel typically requires a passport and visa.
The word originates from the Middle English word travailen ("to toil"), which comes from the Old French word travailler ("travail").[1] A person who travels is called a traveler (U.S.) or traveller (UK).
Backpacking is a term that has historically been used to denote a form of low-cost, independent international travel. Terms such as independent travel and/or budget travel are often used interchangeably with backpacking. The factors that traditionally differentiate backpacking from other forms of tourism include but are not limited to the following: use of public transport as a means of travel, preference of youth hostels to traditional hotels, length of the trip vs. conventional vacations, use of a backpack, an interest in meeting the locals as well as seeing the sights.
The definition of a backpacker has evolved as travelers from different cultures and regions participate and will continue to do so, preventing an air-tight definition. Recent research has found that, “...backpackers constituted a heterogeneous group with respect to the diversity of rationales and meanings attached to their travel experiences. ...They also displayed a common commitment to a non-institutionalised form of travel, which was central to their self-identification as backpackers.” Backpacking as a lifestyle and as a business has grown considerably in the 2000s as the commonplace of low-cost airlines, hostels or budget accommodation in many parts of the world, and digital communication and resources make planning, executing, and continuing a long-term backpacking trip easier than ever before.
The purposes of backpacking travel may fall into different reasons: taking a year gap between high school and college of young students, seeking for the truth of life by getting to know locals in other places or countries, being put in a field trip along with other classmates, doing group projects, and so on. So it is always best to learn it before you actually put your hands on it.
Everything has its own limitations, which is the same thing with backpacking. Trekking through the woods or villages without a map is considered a ‘stupidity.’ A local guidebook is also essential, just in case when you get lost. Drinking should also be limited, especially when you go up the mountains or climbs the rocks. You would not want to throw your precious life out towards excitement.



History
While there is no definitive answer as to the precise origin of backpacking, its roots can be traced, at least partially, to the Hippie trail of the 1960s and 70s, which in turn followed sections of the old Silk Road. In fact, some backpackers today seek to re-create that journey, albeit in a more comfortable manner, while capitalizing on the current popularity of the green movement. Looking further into history, Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri has been cited by some as one of the world's first backpackers.
While travel along the old Hippie Trail has been rendered complicated since the early 80s due to unrest in Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran that continues today, backpacking has expanded to most regions of the world. In recent years, the increase of budget airlines and low-cost flights has contributed to this expansion. At present, new "hippie trails" are being formed towards Northern Africa in places such as Morocco and Tunisia and other destinations being reached by low-cost airlines.
Technological changes and improvements have also contributed to changes in backpacking. Traditionally backpackers did not travel with expensive electronic equipment such as laptop computers, digital cameras and PDAs due to concerns about theft, damage, and additional luggage weight. However, the desire to stay connected coupled with trends in lightweight electronics have given rise to the flashpacking trend, which has been in a state of continuous evolution in recent years. Simultaneous with a change in "what" they're carrying, backpacking is also becoming less and less reliant on the physical backpack in its initial form although the backpack can still be considered the primary luggage of backpackers.

Types of backpacking
Flashpacking
Flashpacking is a neologism used to refer to an affluent backpacker. Whereas backpacking is traditionally associated with budget travel and destinations that are relatively cheap, flashpacking has an association of more disposable income while traveling and has been defined simply as backpacking with a bigger budget.
A simple definition of the term Flashpacker can be thought of as backpacking with flash, or style. One school of thought defines the flashpacker as a rapidly growing segment of travelers who adhere to a modest accommodation and meal budget, while spending freely, even excessively, for activities at their chosen destination. Another school of thought defines flashpacking as an incongruous mix of 'slumming it' and luxury; of adventurous travel with those on a budget by day and sedate dining and comfortable accommodation by night. Flashpackers have been further defined as tech-savvy adventurers who often prefer to travel with a cell phone, digital camera, iPod and a laptop, although none of these is required in order to be a flashpacker. As with other forms of travel, the term flashpacker is mainly one of self-identification. The origin of the term itself is obscure.
The term also reflects a growing demographic of travelers who are forsaking traditional organized travel, venturing to destinations once the reserve of more adventurous backpackers, and the increasing number of individuals who leave well paid jobs or take 'career breaks', using the time to travel independently, but with greater comfort and many of the gadgets they are accustomed to at home. As a result, hostels are evolving and offering more up-market accommodation to those still traveling on a budget in order to obtain their business. The hostels have realized a need to evolve in order to meet the changing demands of travelers.
Gap-packing
"Gap-packing" is a neologism used typically to refer to younger people, usually of European descent, who backpack to several countries in a short period of time whilst on their gap year between school and university, or between university and their first job.
Megaloping
Megaloping is a neologism to refer to backpacking using only public transit.

Findings
Of importance in backpacking is a sense of authenticity. Backpacking is perceived as being more than a vacation, but a means of education. Backpackers want to experience the "real" destination rather than the packaged version often associated with mass tourism, which has led to the assertion that backpackers are anti-tourist. There is also the feeling of "sneaking backstage" and witnessing real life with more involvement with local people.

Discussion
Backpacking, like other forms of travel, remains controversial. Some of these criticisms date back to travelers' actions along the Hippie Trail. Criticism comes from many sides, including the host countries and other travelers who disagree with the actions of backpackers although the perception of backpackers seems to have improved as backpacking has become more mainstream. Erik Cohen notes that even though one of the primary aims of backpacking is to seek the authentic, the majority of backpackers spend most of their time interacting with other backpackers and interactions with locals are of "secondary importance".



Conclusions
However, backpackers have to prepare themselves by doing research on the destination they are going to visit such as geography, language, traditional and culture, life-style, food, transportation, e.g. But most important thing is that how much “money” you have got in your pocket. No matter how extreme you are as being a backpacker, but self-security is the greatest concern.


Recommendations
‘It's official: backpacking is the bomb!’ As a backpacker you'll see some of the most beautiful places in the world, meet incredible people and try amazing new things. But if you've never ventured away from the comforts of home before, it can be a bit daunting. So here are 10 top tips for backpackers.
Get insured
As the old saying goes, "If you can't afford insurance, you can't afford to travel!" This is the best advice you'll get. No matter how carefully you plan, things can and will go wrong and comprehensive travel insurance is the best safety net you can have.
Travel light
For reliability and ease, a backpack is still a budget traveler’s best friend. But don't pack what you don't need. There is nothing worse than lugging around a cumbersome pack while trying to find a place to stay. Whatever you think you're missing, you'll certainly be able to buy it on the road.
Beat up your pack
This might sound a little crazy, but if your backpack looks as though it has been around the block a few times, would-be thieves are more likely to avoid it. They're bound to go for the brand spanking new pack next to yours which they'll think contains lots of expensive high-tech gizmos.
Don't over-plan
The basic rule for backpacking is to be as flexible as possible. You're bound to meet new friends on the road, so don't plan your route too far in advance. That said, booking a hostel bed for the first few nights in a new city is a good idea. As for the rest, be spontaneous and have fun!
Wear comfy shoes
Comfortable shoes are a must! But they're bulky and awkward to carry, so limit what you take — perhaps just a good pair of lace-up boots or trainers for hiking and a casual pair of sandals. And don't forget your flip-flops — they're a must-have for public showers.
Don't carry too much cash
Never carry huge amounts of cash. Beside the possibility that you could be robbed, you may simply lose it. So if possible only carry a couple of days' worth of money, kept in small denominations. Take a variety of money options such as credit card, some cash and perhaps some travelers’ checks. And whatever you do, don't keep all your money in the one place.
Sleep on it
Money belts are great for concealing your cash and passport. But if you're worried about someone swiping it while you sleep (or even if you're not), keep it in your sleeping bag or tuck it in your pillow case. It's unlikely any thief would be brave enough to look for it there!
Keep a travel journal
Unfortunately, memories fade with time. So keeping a travel journal is a wonderful way of recording your activities, storing photos and mementos and collecting information to share with others when you get home.
Take a guide
While a guidebook certainly shouldn't be considered the "Bible", they do give extensive rundowns on accommodation, transport and sightseeing and also offer heaps of information to help make backpacking easy. If nothing else, reading your guide will help pass the time while you wait for the next bus.
Get connected
With Internet cafes sprouting up like mushrooms in almost every city and backwater town around the world; it has never been easier to stay in touch. Not only is it vital to have a few regular contacts at home who can keep tabs on you, but they're great places to meet fellow travelers.

References
‘Travel.’ (2008) Merrium-Webster. Retrieved November 2, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/travel
‘Backpacking (travel).’ (2004-08). Retrieved November 2, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backpacking_(travel)
Wildman, K. (2007). MSN NZ travel writer: Ten Ttips for Back Packers. Retrieved November 2, 2009, from http://travel.msn.co.nz/destinations/generaltravel/335758/ten-tips-for-backpackers

Relation between Internet and the library

Relation between the Internet and the Library

How are internet and library related?

This report explains how the modern internet link with the old-fashioned library in terms of deriving information in both areas, especially in the fast-grown world of high technology.

As mentioned above, in terms of academics both internet and library basically mean information sources. Let’s take a look at the differences between the two things first.

Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies. The Internet carries a vast array of information resources and services, most notably the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail. In addition it supports popular services such as online chat, file transfer and file sharing, gaming, commerce, social networking, publishing, video on demand, and teleconferencing and telecommunications.

While a library is a collection of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books. The term "library" has itself acquired a secondary meaning: "a collection of useful material for common use," and in this sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics and biology. However, with the sets and collection of media and of media other than books for storing information, many libraries are now also repositories and access points for maps, prints, or other documents and various storage media such as microform (microfilm/microfiche), audio tapes, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, and DVDs.

Try to imagine yourself having seven case studies out of seven classes that you have attended, plus additional university assignments in a week. In my opinion, it might be difficult to spend probably five hours a day in the library looking for your desirable books; especially when you have already spent at least six or seven hours per day seating yourself in class. Then internet can be another choice that takes less time than physically going through the shelves in the library. Of course, online information cannot always be adequate when derived from unreliable sources. What if, we use both of the two sources and combine them together in order to make the most valuable out of these two tools.

Since internet was found back in the 1960s when the United States funded research projects of its military agencies to build robust, fault-tolerant and distributed computer networks; while library came into universal service since late 1800s. Look at the brief history of the two, now there’s a better way of doing researches especially through what is called E-library: A digital library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats (as opposed to print, microform, or other media) and accessible by computers.Greenstein, Daniel I., Thorin, Suzanne Elizabeth. The Digital Library: A Biography. Digital Library Federation (2002) ISBN 1933645180. Accessed June 25, 2007. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. A digital library is a type of information retrieval system.

The DELOS Digital Library Reference ModelL. Candela et al: The DELOS Digital Library Reference Model Foundations for Digital Libraries. Version 0.98, February 2008 (PDF) defines a digital library as: ‘An organization, which might be virtual, that comprehensively collects, manages and preserves for the long term rich digital content, and offers to its user communities specialized functionality on that content, of measurable quality and according to codified policies.’

The first use of the term digital library in print may have been in a 1988 report to the Corporation for National Research InitiativesKahn, R. E., & Cerf, V. G. (1988). The Digital Library Project Volume I: The World of Knowbots, (DRAFT): An Open Architecture For a Digital Library System and a Plan For Its Development. Reston, VA: Corporation for National Research Initiatives. The term digital libraries was first popularized by the NSF/DARPA/NASA Digital Libraries Initiative in 1994.Edward A. Fox. The Digital Libraries Initiative - Update and Discussion, Bulletin of the America Society of Information Science, Vol. 26, No 1, October/November 1999. The older names electronic library or virtual library are also occasionally used, though electronic library nowadays more often refers to portals, often provided by government agencies.

It contains all the eBooks or online books, which will be found anywhere there’s internet access; it is a better and faster way of going through every single category of books. Now most of the universities, government offices, public and private organizations have had set up their own e-library in order to give the academics convenience when researches done. Both web-based and traditional library resources are useful when conducting research. Each has their own particular strengths and weaknesses. By knowing what these are, you can enhance the quality of your research.

“The free web is like McDonald’s. It’s fast, cheap, and easy, but is unhealthy for your academic career. The free web is fine for everyday things, but you should use library sources for things that matter.” (Quoted from http://infolitlibrarian.blogspot.com/2005/11/internet-vs-library.html)

Other references:

http://wikipedia.org

http://www.kcoyle.net/texas/sld002.htm

http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/ELibrary/

Exercise 5: Library Catalog & Database

1. write the database of the hotel (similar to the library database)

-Everywhere in the world there are collectors. And you may take it from me; there are A LOT OF THEM. It is very human to have something you collect. There is nothing abnormal to it, rest assured. In our life, in the kitchen, or in our desk drawer at home, there is bound to be some sort of collection. All the money in your bank account is a collection, too. And the antique cutlery in your mom's cupboard is a collection as well. So if the 'objects' have some connection to one another, or they belong together in some way, it is a collection. Same thing as Hotel Database, which has all the collection of guest's personal details:

Names and Addresses
Name
First
Phone Number
Gender
Pet Y/N
Vegetarian Y/N
Smoker Y/N

2. Go to the library website, search for the bibliographic of database books in the library catalog (OPAC = Online Public Access Catalog)

-Search Results
311 titles matched: database

Sort by: Select...NoneAuthors (ผู้แต่ง)Title (ชื่อเรื่อง)Pub Date by DescendingPub Date by Ascending Limit by: Select...NoneColl: Business CollectionsColl: CD-Rom AccompanyColl: CD-Rom ProjectColl: CD-RomColl: Digital FilesColl: DiskkettesColl: DVDColl: Electronic ContentsColl: FictionColl: General BookColl: Independent StudyColl: ดัชนีวารสารColl: MAPColl: Miner ThesisColl: Miner Thesis-GRAD (Chonburi)Coll: Mirner Thises-Under Graduate (Chonburi)Coll: ProjectColl: Reference BookColl: ReportColl: ResearchColl: Reserve BookColl: SerialColl: Short StoryColl: SlideColl: SpecialColl: Tape CassettesColl: ThesisColl: Thailand Intustrial StandardColl: Vide CDColl: Video CassettesLang: EnglishLoc: ห้องสมุดอาคาร 9 ชั้น 7Loc: SPU_ChonburiLoc: SPU Chonburi GraduateLoc: SPU_ArchitectureLoc: SPU_GraduateLoc: SPU_MultimediaLoc: SPU_PhayathaiLoc: Main LibraryPublication Date

1.
พัฒนา web database ด้วย ASP *
by ไพศาล โมลิสกุลมงคล
กรุงเทพฯ: ไทยเจริญการพิมพ์, 2538
Call#:
TK 5105.875 พ996พ 2538
Location
Collection
Call No.
Status
Due Date
Main Library
CD /DVD Accompany
TK 5105.875 พ996พ 2538
On shelf

Main Library
CD /DVD Accompany
TK 5105.875 พ996พ 2538
On shelf

Main Library
CD /DVD Accompany
TK 5105.875 พ996พ 2538
On shelf

Main Library
CD /DVD Accompany
TK 5105.875 พ996พ 2538
On shelf

Main Library
CD /DVD Accompany
TK 5105.875 พ996พ 2538
On shelf

Main Library
CD /DVD Accompany
TK 5105.875 พ996พ 2538
On shelf

Main Library
CD /DVD Accompany
TK 5105.875 พ996พ 2538
On shelf

Main Library
CD /DVD Accompany
TK 5105.875 พ996พ 2538
On shelf

Main Library
CD /DVD Accompany
TK 5105.875 พ996พ 2538
On shelf

Main Library
หนังสือทั่วไป-ไทย
TK 5105.875 พ996พ 2538
On shelf

3. Go to the library e-book database, search for the articles about database from "Proquest ABI/INFORM", Dissertation & Theses

http://library.spu.ac.th/e-library/index.html
http://library.spu.ac.th/e-library/database.html

-ABI/INFORM Global™Key Facts
Format: Abstract and index, Full Text, Full Image, Text+Graphics Media: Electronic/Online Coverage: 1923-present Total Sources Covered: over 3,040 publications MARC Records: YES Counter COMPLIANT: YES ATHENS enabled: YES Open URL enabled: YES z39.50 enabled: YES
ABI/INFORM Global™ is one of the most comprehensive business databases on the market. It includes in-depth coverage for over 3,040 publications, with more than 2,060 available in full text. ABI/INFORM Global offers the latest business and financial information for researchers at all levels. With ABI/INFORM Global, users can find out about business conditions, management techniques, business trends, management practice and theory, corporate strategy and tactics, and competitive landscape.
Included in ABI/INFORM Global is ABI/INFORM Archive™. This retrospective companion to ABI/INFORM provides cover-to-cover, full-images complete with illustrations and advertisements. The database contains complete runs of key business and management journals, providing a unique historical perspective on hundreds of topics, including corporate strategies, management techniques, marketing, product development, and industry conditions worldwide. Titles include:
Academy of ManagementJournal
Foreign Affairs
Nation’s Business
Thunderbird International Business Review
Journal of Marketing

-ProQuest Dissertations & Theses DatabaseKey Facts
Format: Abstract, Full Text Media: Electronic/Online Coverage: 1637-Current Total Sources Covered: 2.4+ million
ProQuest Dissertations and Theses — Full text is the world's most comprehensive collection of dissertations and theses. The official digital dissertations archive for the Library of Congress and the database of record for graduate research. PQDT — Full Text includes 2.4 million searchable citations to dissertation and theses from around the world from 1861 to the present day together with 1 million full text dissertations that are available for download in PDF format. The database offers full text for most of the dissertations added since 1997 and strong retrospective full text coverage for older graduate works.
More than 60,000 new full text dissertations and theses are added to the database each year through dissertations publishing partnerships with 700 leading academic institutions worldwide and collaborative retrospective digitization of dissertations through UMI's Digital Archiving and Access Program. Full Text dissertations are archived as submitted by the degree-granting institution. Some will be native PDF, some PDF image.
Each dissertation published since July 1980 includes a 350-word abstract written by the author. Master's theses published since 1988 include 150-word abstracts. Simple bibliographic citations are available for dissertations dating from 1637. Where available, PQDT — Full Text provides 24-page previews of dissertations and theses.
ProQuest Dissertations & Theses — Full Text also offers researchers unlimited access to digital copies from their own institutions as well as affordable copies from others.Accessing ProQuest Dissertations & Theses — Full Text
PQDT is available on the Web through ProQuest®, a premier information access and retrieval system. It is suitable for all types of researchers whether they are online novices or information professionals. Natural language searching, database segmenting, and conceptual smart searching are just a few of the features that help users find the information they need quickly and easily.
Online subscriptions allow unlimited searching for a set fee, and depending on an institution's subscription type, access to the full text of dissertations and theses in PDF format (where available).

Excercise 4 Reference Sources

1. Where can you find information about Nobel Prize? Who get the Nobel Prize this year?

- http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/press/2009/announcements_09.html

Nobel Laureates 2008:

1) Physics:

Yoichiro Nambu "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"

Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"

2) Chemistry:
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"

3) Physiology or Medicine:

Harald zur Hausen "for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer" Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"

4) Literature:

Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"

5) Peace:

Martti Ahtisaari "for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"

6) Prize in Economics:

Paul Krugman "for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"

2. Go to Encyclopedia Online at http://library.spu.ac.th/ Search for the history of automobiles or computer. Summarize the information you get.

-Fascinating facts about the invention of the modern Automobile by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz in 1889:

AUTOMOBILE
In terms of the lives of average people, there is little doubt that the automobile is the most revolutionary invention in the history of transportation since the wheel. The basic premise of the automobile is simple; choose a wheeled vehicle from the many types typically pulled by horses or oxen, add a motor and create a self-propelled, personal transportation vehicle.
The earliest ancestor of the modern automobile is probably the Fardier, a three-wheeled, steam-powered, 2.3-mph vehicle built in 1771 by Nicolas Joseph Cugnot for the French minister of war. This cumbersome machine was never put into production because it was much slower and harder to operate than a horse-drawn vehicle.

Amedee Bollee, also a Frenchman, built an improved 12-passenger steam car in 1873, but the steam engine proved impractical for a machine that was intended to challenge the speed of a horse-and-buggy. The invention of the practical automobile had to await the invention of a workable internal combustion engine.

The milestone vehicle was built in Germany in 1889 by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach. Powered by a 1.5 hp, two-cylinder gasoline engine, it had a four-speed transmission and traveled at 10 mph. Another German, Karl Benz, also built a gasoline-powered car the same year. The gasoline-powered automobile, or motor car, remained largely a curiosity for the rest of the nineteenth century, with only a handful being manufactured in Europe and the United States.

The first automobile to be produced in quantity was the 1901 Curved Dash Oldsmobile, which was built in the United States by Ransom E. Olds. Modern automobile mass production, and its use of the modern industrial assembly line, is credited to Henry Ford of Detroit, Michigan, who had built his first gasoline-powered car in 1896. Ford began producing his Model T in 1908, and by 1927, when it was discontinued, over 18 million had rolled off the assembly line.

3. What is the difference between general book and reference book?

-A reference book is a book, such as a dictionary or encyclopedia, to which one can refer for authoritative information. But a general book is a set of written, printed, or blank pages fastened along one side and encased between protective covers.

4. When do you need to search information from the reference collection?

- Mostly when you do researches on academic projects, like going through the library or googling online. It's not that easy to get what they're exactly looking for, so reference collection comes in handy. Reference Collection gives the researchers the right of way to reach their study point. Just imagine going through 50 sections of books in a library, but you hardly know which direction you should take, even to start. But when there's a reference book right on a shelf, you open it. It will definitely lead you to the right direction, and finally have found what you've been looking for.

5. What type of reference collection that you like to use most? And why?

- I mostly go for dictionaries. My favorite one would be "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, which has been with me nearly everywhere I go for the last 8 or 9 years I believe. I personally love to read dictionary regularly, because there're always new English words every day to learn. Besides a few of English-English dictionaries I possess. There're also English-Spanish, French-Thai, German-Thai, or even German-German ones that I have.

6. General Information on Atlas

- A comprehensive and visually innovative atlas of our world.
THE VISUAL WORLD ATLAS: Facts and maps of the curent worldThe Visual World Atlas lays out a complete and detailed panorama of our planet. It covers 36 themes related to physical and human geography (geology, environment, politics, demographics, economics, etc.) and provides thousands of statistics on the 193 countries of the world taken from trustworthy sources. Concise and accessible texts are linked to visual content of exceptional quality: realistic illustrations, photographs taken in the four corners of the world, and more than 120 maps carefully selected for their content.
This is a complete and attractive reference book, and indispensable to anyone whowishes to discover and understand the world in all its diversity. The Visual World Atlas is outstanding for its rich content, which is both detailed and up-to-date, itsrigorous thematic organization, and its extraordinary graphic presentation.

Published by: QA International

329 De la Commune West,3rd Floor, Montreal, Quebec,CANADA H2Y 2E1

Exercise 3 Access to Library (IBC101)

1. What are the differences between journal and magazine? Examples?

-A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily) has several related meanings:

• a daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually referred to as a diary.


• a newspaper or other periodical, in the literal sense of one published each day;


• many publications issued at stated intervals, such as magazines, or scholarly academic journals, or the record of the transactions of a society, are often called journals. Although journal is sometimes used, erroneously, as a synonym for "magazine," in academic use, a journal refers to a serious, scholarly publication, most often peer-reviewed. A non-scholarly magazine written for an educated audience about an industry or an area of professional activity is usually called a professional magazine.

-Magazines, periodicals, glossies or serials are publications, generally published on a regular schedule, containing a variety of articles, generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by pre-paid magazine subscriptions, or all three. Magazines can be distributed through the mail; through sales by newsstands, bookstores or other vendors; or through free distribution at selected pick up locations

2. DC & LC classification

-A library classification is a system of coding and organizing library materials (books, serials, audiovisual materials, computer files, maps, manuscripts, realia) according to their subject and allocating a call number to that information resource. Similar to classification systems used in biology, bibliographic classification systems group entities that are similar together typically arranged in a hierarchical tree structure.

The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC, also called the Dewey Decimal System) is a proprietary system of library classification developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876, and has been greatly modified and expanded through 22 major revisions, the most recent in 2004. This system organizes books on library shelves in a specific and repeatable order that makes it easy to find any book and return it to its proper place.

The DDC attempts to organize all knowledge into ten main classes. The ten main classes are each further subdivided into ten divisions, and each division into ten sections, giving ten main classes, 100 divisions and 1000 sections. DDC's advantage in using decimals for its categories allows it to be both purely numerical and infinitely hierarchical. It also uses some aspects of a faceted classification scheme, combining elements from different parts of the structure to construct a number representing the subject content (often combining two subject elements with linking numbers and geographical and temporal elements) and form of an item rather than drawing upon a list containing each class and its meaning.

A designation such as Dewey 16 refers to the 16th edition of the DDC

The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. It is used by most research and academic libraries in the U.S. and several other countries. It is not to be confused with the Library of Congress Subject Headings or Library of Congress Control Number. Most public libraries and small academic libraries continue to use the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC).

The classification was originally developed by Herbert Putnam in 1897, just before he assumed the librarianship of Congress. With advice from Charles Ammi Cutter, it was influenced by Cutter Expansive Classification, and the DDC, and was specially designed for the special purposes of the Library of Congress. The new system replaced a fixed location system developed by Thomas Jefferson. By the time of Putnam's departure from his post in 1939, all the classes except K (Law) and parts of B (Philosophy and Religion) were well developed. It has been criticized as lacking a sound theoretical basis; many of the classification decisions were driven by the particular practical needs of that library, rather than epistemological considerations.

Although it divides subjects into broad categories, it is essentially enumerative in nature. It provides a guide to the books actually in the library, not a classification of the world.

3. access the library website: what is the call number?

-HF 1017 .W44I 1991

4. What are sources of knowledge? identify as much as you know

- Chatting through MSN, YahooMessenger, ICQ, etc..., watching TV., Google.com, Bing.com, Ask.com, newspapers, magazines, radio, neighbors, university professors, random friends, penpals, family and relatives, broadcast, webboard, seminars, student camps, conferences, travelling, etc..."The Wider Connection It Gets, the Better Information It Gains."

5. what do you read this week?

- I have read a book called "Now I Understand," a psychological book written by "Tonkla Naina Nesler."And "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary," The 6th edition of the world's best-selling learner's dictionary, Edited by Sally Wehmeier, Oxford University Press.

Exercise 2 Information Literacy Skills

1. What is Information Literacy Skills?

- Information Literacy is the set of skills needed to find, retrieve, analyze, and use information. It is a learning process after all. As being defined, it is a set of abilities required individuals to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information; which can be available or found through libraries, community resources, special interest organizations, media, and the Internet and increasingly, information comes to individuals in unfiltered formats, raising questions about its authenticity, validity, reliability, and various fields of media. It can be either right or wrong, since the information is spreading all around. But at the same time it creates challenges towards society, because people would have to use their skills to understand and evaluate such wide information.



The literacy forms the basis for lifelong learning, that an individual is able to: Determine the extent of information needed, access the needed information effectively and efficiently, evaluate information and its source critically, incorporate selected information into one's knowledge bass, use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose, understand the economic/legal/and social issues surrounding the use of information and access the its use ethically and legally.



2. What is SQRW?

-SQRW is a four-step strategy for reading and taking notes from chapters in a textbook. Each letter stands for one step in the strategy, by using SQRW will help you to understand what you read and to prepare a written record of what you learned. The written record will be valuable when you have to participate in a class discussion and again when you study for a test. Read to learn what to do for each step in SQRW.



Survey- brings to mind what you already know about the topic of a chapter and prepares you for learning more, by reading the title, introduction, headings, and the summary/conclusion. From this point you will quickly learn what the chapter is all about.

Question- you will need to have questions in your mind as you read, because those will give you a purpose of reading and help you stay focused on the reading assignment. Form questions by changing each chapter heading into a question. Use the words who, what, when, where, or how. Do not form questions for the introduciton, summary, or conclusion.

Read- read the information that follows each heading to find the answer to each question you formed. As you do this, you may decide you need to change a question or turn it into several questions to be answered. Stay focused and flexible so you can gather as much information as you need to answer question.

Write- write each question and its answer in your notebook. Reread each of your written answers to be sure each answer is legible and contains all the important information needed to answer the question.



3. Use big 6 skills

-step 1) Define problems, information requirement: Why is there such a big gap between the rich and the poor in the world?

-step 2) Seeking strategies: Type in "gap between rich and poor" into www.bing.com

-step 3) Location and Access:
http://www.faqs.org/abstracts/Business-international/Rich-Thais-poor-Thais-Cooling-off.html
http://www.asianewsnet.net/news.php?id=6830&sec=3
http://jrocas.com.ph/archives/organ-trade-bridges-gap-between-rich-and-poor/
http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/TCEH/Slouch_divergence5.html
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/incomgap.htm

-step 4) Information Use:

Example Information:

WIRELESS FILEUNITED STATES INFORMATION SERVICESTOCKHOLM SWEDEN07/16/96REPORT SEES GROWING GAP BETWEEN RICH AND POOR NATIONS(89 countries worse off than a decade ago, U.N. says) (1515)By Jon SchafferUSIA Staff WriterWashington --

The gap in economic development between wealthy and poornations is widening daily, according to a United Nations' report."The world has become more economically polarized both betweencountries and within countries," said James Gustave Speth,administrator of the U.N. Development Programme (UNDP). "If presenttrends continue, economic disparities between industrial anddevelopment nations will move from inequitable to inhuman.

The report acknowledges strong economic growth and major gains ineducation in a number of developing countries. But it says the incomegains have been concentrated in a small number of developing countriesand, in many cases, have not benefited the poorest people.

Today, the net worth of the 358 richest people is equal to thecombined income of the poorest 45 percent of the world's population --2,300 million people. The report says that developing countries, with 80 percent of theworld's population, account for only about 20 percent of world output. The gap in per-capita annual income between the industrial anddeveloping worlds tripled between 1960 and 1993, from $5,700 to$15,400, it saysEven in the United States, the wealthiest 1 percent of the populationincreased its share of total assets between 1975 and 1990 from 20percent to 36 percent, the UNDP says.

The report says that in more than 100 of the 174 countries for whichdata are collected, per-capita income is lower than it was 15 yearsago. In 19 countries, per-capita income is less than it was in 1960or before."As a result, more than a quarter of humanity -- 1,600 million people-- are worse off today than they were 15 years ago.

The report measures development by combining three components -- lifeexpectancy at birth, educational attainment and inflation-adjustedincome. It ranks the top five countries in human development asCanada, the United States, Japan, the Netherlands and Norway and ranksthe top five among developing countries as Cyprus, Barbados, Bahamas,South Korea and Argentina.

-step 5) Synthesis: Putting information together

• People come from different family background
• People have different level of education
• Some certain people are just selfish and immoral
• Different path of national background of each country
• Existence of corruption in the world
• National Resources
• Religions and believes
• Different level of income, which effects national revenue of each country
• Random habits and personalities of human, etc....

-step 6) Evaluation: I personally believe that people have all the right in equality. It doesn't matter in which religion you believe in, or in which country you were born. As long as morality occurs, "gap" between rich and poor will gradually fade away from our global society.

Exercise 1 (IBC 101) 2009

1. What do you just read?
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_numbers
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland

2.Why imagination is more important tha knowledge?
- Because imagination doesn not have any limits. It is infinite, so that you can let it go as high as you wish in order to gain any type of acknowledgement. On the other hand, knowledge is just a piece of material that you will need to obsorb through your either understanding or memorizing system, which can be done through such as reading, listening, etc.

3.Why do you seek for information?
- Because information is a starting point of any kind of knowlegde, that makes people become interested in wanting to know about somethings, and fullfillingly reveals their curiousity.

4.What topic do you know best? Why?
- I have endless interest in getting to know different type of people, exploring different places, learning about new cultures, studying different languages, and any kind of liberalities.

5.What website do you like most? Why?
- I would say http://en.wikipedia.org , because it provides all the significant information that anyone would have the need to look for either school materials or random researches.