Excercise 4 Reference Sources

1. Where can you find information about Nobel Prize? Who get the Nobel Prize this year?

- http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/press/2009/announcements_09.html

Nobel Laureates 2008:

1) Physics:

Yoichiro Nambu "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"

Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"

2) Chemistry:
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"

3) Physiology or Medicine:

Harald zur Hausen "for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer" Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"

4) Literature:

Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"

5) Peace:

Martti Ahtisaari "for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"

6) Prize in Economics:

Paul Krugman "for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"

2. Go to Encyclopedia Online at http://library.spu.ac.th/ Search for the history of automobiles or computer. Summarize the information you get.

-Fascinating facts about the invention of the modern Automobile by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz in 1889:

AUTOMOBILE
In terms of the lives of average people, there is little doubt that the automobile is the most revolutionary invention in the history of transportation since the wheel. The basic premise of the automobile is simple; choose a wheeled vehicle from the many types typically pulled by horses or oxen, add a motor and create a self-propelled, personal transportation vehicle.
The earliest ancestor of the modern automobile is probably the Fardier, a three-wheeled, steam-powered, 2.3-mph vehicle built in 1771 by Nicolas Joseph Cugnot for the French minister of war. This cumbersome machine was never put into production because it was much slower and harder to operate than a horse-drawn vehicle.

Amedee Bollee, also a Frenchman, built an improved 12-passenger steam car in 1873, but the steam engine proved impractical for a machine that was intended to challenge the speed of a horse-and-buggy. The invention of the practical automobile had to await the invention of a workable internal combustion engine.

The milestone vehicle was built in Germany in 1889 by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach. Powered by a 1.5 hp, two-cylinder gasoline engine, it had a four-speed transmission and traveled at 10 mph. Another German, Karl Benz, also built a gasoline-powered car the same year. The gasoline-powered automobile, or motor car, remained largely a curiosity for the rest of the nineteenth century, with only a handful being manufactured in Europe and the United States.

The first automobile to be produced in quantity was the 1901 Curved Dash Oldsmobile, which was built in the United States by Ransom E. Olds. Modern automobile mass production, and its use of the modern industrial assembly line, is credited to Henry Ford of Detroit, Michigan, who had built his first gasoline-powered car in 1896. Ford began producing his Model T in 1908, and by 1927, when it was discontinued, over 18 million had rolled off the assembly line.

3. What is the difference between general book and reference book?

-A reference book is a book, such as a dictionary or encyclopedia, to which one can refer for authoritative information. But a general book is a set of written, printed, or blank pages fastened along one side and encased between protective covers.

4. When do you need to search information from the reference collection?

- Mostly when you do researches on academic projects, like going through the library or googling online. It's not that easy to get what they're exactly looking for, so reference collection comes in handy. Reference Collection gives the researchers the right of way to reach their study point. Just imagine going through 50 sections of books in a library, but you hardly know which direction you should take, even to start. But when there's a reference book right on a shelf, you open it. It will definitely lead you to the right direction, and finally have found what you've been looking for.

5. What type of reference collection that you like to use most? And why?

- I mostly go for dictionaries. My favorite one would be "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, which has been with me nearly everywhere I go for the last 8 or 9 years I believe. I personally love to read dictionary regularly, because there're always new English words every day to learn. Besides a few of English-English dictionaries I possess. There're also English-Spanish, French-Thai, German-Thai, or even German-German ones that I have.

6. General Information on Atlas

- A comprehensive and visually innovative atlas of our world.
THE VISUAL WORLD ATLAS: Facts and maps of the curent worldThe Visual World Atlas lays out a complete and detailed panorama of our planet. It covers 36 themes related to physical and human geography (geology, environment, politics, demographics, economics, etc.) and provides thousands of statistics on the 193 countries of the world taken from trustworthy sources. Concise and accessible texts are linked to visual content of exceptional quality: realistic illustrations, photographs taken in the four corners of the world, and more than 120 maps carefully selected for their content.
This is a complete and attractive reference book, and indispensable to anyone whowishes to discover and understand the world in all its diversity. The Visual World Atlas is outstanding for its rich content, which is both detailed and up-to-date, itsrigorous thematic organization, and its extraordinary graphic presentation.

Published by: QA International

329 De la Commune West,3rd Floor, Montreal, Quebec,CANADA H2Y 2E1

Exercise 3 Access to Library (IBC101)

1. What are the differences between journal and magazine? Examples?

-A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily) has several related meanings:

• a daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually referred to as a diary.


• a newspaper or other periodical, in the literal sense of one published each day;


• many publications issued at stated intervals, such as magazines, or scholarly academic journals, or the record of the transactions of a society, are often called journals. Although journal is sometimes used, erroneously, as a synonym for "magazine," in academic use, a journal refers to a serious, scholarly publication, most often peer-reviewed. A non-scholarly magazine written for an educated audience about an industry or an area of professional activity is usually called a professional magazine.

-Magazines, periodicals, glossies or serials are publications, generally published on a regular schedule, containing a variety of articles, generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by pre-paid magazine subscriptions, or all three. Magazines can be distributed through the mail; through sales by newsstands, bookstores or other vendors; or through free distribution at selected pick up locations

2. DC & LC classification

-A library classification is a system of coding and organizing library materials (books, serials, audiovisual materials, computer files, maps, manuscripts, realia) according to their subject and allocating a call number to that information resource. Similar to classification systems used in biology, bibliographic classification systems group entities that are similar together typically arranged in a hierarchical tree structure.

The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC, also called the Dewey Decimal System) is a proprietary system of library classification developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876, and has been greatly modified and expanded through 22 major revisions, the most recent in 2004. This system organizes books on library shelves in a specific and repeatable order that makes it easy to find any book and return it to its proper place.

The DDC attempts to organize all knowledge into ten main classes. The ten main classes are each further subdivided into ten divisions, and each division into ten sections, giving ten main classes, 100 divisions and 1000 sections. DDC's advantage in using decimals for its categories allows it to be both purely numerical and infinitely hierarchical. It also uses some aspects of a faceted classification scheme, combining elements from different parts of the structure to construct a number representing the subject content (often combining two subject elements with linking numbers and geographical and temporal elements) and form of an item rather than drawing upon a list containing each class and its meaning.

A designation such as Dewey 16 refers to the 16th edition of the DDC

The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. It is used by most research and academic libraries in the U.S. and several other countries. It is not to be confused with the Library of Congress Subject Headings or Library of Congress Control Number. Most public libraries and small academic libraries continue to use the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC).

The classification was originally developed by Herbert Putnam in 1897, just before he assumed the librarianship of Congress. With advice from Charles Ammi Cutter, it was influenced by Cutter Expansive Classification, and the DDC, and was specially designed for the special purposes of the Library of Congress. The new system replaced a fixed location system developed by Thomas Jefferson. By the time of Putnam's departure from his post in 1939, all the classes except K (Law) and parts of B (Philosophy and Religion) were well developed. It has been criticized as lacking a sound theoretical basis; many of the classification decisions were driven by the particular practical needs of that library, rather than epistemological considerations.

Although it divides subjects into broad categories, it is essentially enumerative in nature. It provides a guide to the books actually in the library, not a classification of the world.

3. access the library website: what is the call number?

-HF 1017 .W44I 1991

4. What are sources of knowledge? identify as much as you know

- Chatting through MSN, YahooMessenger, ICQ, etc..., watching TV., Google.com, Bing.com, Ask.com, newspapers, magazines, radio, neighbors, university professors, random friends, penpals, family and relatives, broadcast, webboard, seminars, student camps, conferences, travelling, etc..."The Wider Connection It Gets, the Better Information It Gains."

5. what do you read this week?

- I have read a book called "Now I Understand," a psychological book written by "Tonkla Naina Nesler."And "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary," The 6th edition of the world's best-selling learner's dictionary, Edited by Sally Wehmeier, Oxford University Press.

Exercise 2 Information Literacy Skills

1. What is Information Literacy Skills?

- Information Literacy is the set of skills needed to find, retrieve, analyze, and use information. It is a learning process after all. As being defined, it is a set of abilities required individuals to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information; which can be available or found through libraries, community resources, special interest organizations, media, and the Internet and increasingly, information comes to individuals in unfiltered formats, raising questions about its authenticity, validity, reliability, and various fields of media. It can be either right or wrong, since the information is spreading all around. But at the same time it creates challenges towards society, because people would have to use their skills to understand and evaluate such wide information.



The literacy forms the basis for lifelong learning, that an individual is able to: Determine the extent of information needed, access the needed information effectively and efficiently, evaluate information and its source critically, incorporate selected information into one's knowledge bass, use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose, understand the economic/legal/and social issues surrounding the use of information and access the its use ethically and legally.



2. What is SQRW?

-SQRW is a four-step strategy for reading and taking notes from chapters in a textbook. Each letter stands for one step in the strategy, by using SQRW will help you to understand what you read and to prepare a written record of what you learned. The written record will be valuable when you have to participate in a class discussion and again when you study for a test. Read to learn what to do for each step in SQRW.



Survey- brings to mind what you already know about the topic of a chapter and prepares you for learning more, by reading the title, introduction, headings, and the summary/conclusion. From this point you will quickly learn what the chapter is all about.

Question- you will need to have questions in your mind as you read, because those will give you a purpose of reading and help you stay focused on the reading assignment. Form questions by changing each chapter heading into a question. Use the words who, what, when, where, or how. Do not form questions for the introduciton, summary, or conclusion.

Read- read the information that follows each heading to find the answer to each question you formed. As you do this, you may decide you need to change a question or turn it into several questions to be answered. Stay focused and flexible so you can gather as much information as you need to answer question.

Write- write each question and its answer in your notebook. Reread each of your written answers to be sure each answer is legible and contains all the important information needed to answer the question.



3. Use big 6 skills

-step 1) Define problems, information requirement: Why is there such a big gap between the rich and the poor in the world?

-step 2) Seeking strategies: Type in "gap between rich and poor" into www.bing.com

-step 3) Location and Access:
http://www.faqs.org/abstracts/Business-international/Rich-Thais-poor-Thais-Cooling-off.html
http://www.asianewsnet.net/news.php?id=6830&sec=3
http://jrocas.com.ph/archives/organ-trade-bridges-gap-between-rich-and-poor/
http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/TCEH/Slouch_divergence5.html
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/incomgap.htm

-step 4) Information Use:

Example Information:

WIRELESS FILEUNITED STATES INFORMATION SERVICESTOCKHOLM SWEDEN07/16/96REPORT SEES GROWING GAP BETWEEN RICH AND POOR NATIONS(89 countries worse off than a decade ago, U.N. says) (1515)By Jon SchafferUSIA Staff WriterWashington --

The gap in economic development between wealthy and poornations is widening daily, according to a United Nations' report."The world has become more economically polarized both betweencountries and within countries," said James Gustave Speth,administrator of the U.N. Development Programme (UNDP). "If presenttrends continue, economic disparities between industrial anddevelopment nations will move from inequitable to inhuman.

The report acknowledges strong economic growth and major gains ineducation in a number of developing countries. But it says the incomegains have been concentrated in a small number of developing countriesand, in many cases, have not benefited the poorest people.

Today, the net worth of the 358 richest people is equal to thecombined income of the poorest 45 percent of the world's population --2,300 million people. The report says that developing countries, with 80 percent of theworld's population, account for only about 20 percent of world output. The gap in per-capita annual income between the industrial anddeveloping worlds tripled between 1960 and 1993, from $5,700 to$15,400, it saysEven in the United States, the wealthiest 1 percent of the populationincreased its share of total assets between 1975 and 1990 from 20percent to 36 percent, the UNDP says.

The report says that in more than 100 of the 174 countries for whichdata are collected, per-capita income is lower than it was 15 yearsago. In 19 countries, per-capita income is less than it was in 1960or before."As a result, more than a quarter of humanity -- 1,600 million people-- are worse off today than they were 15 years ago.

The report measures development by combining three components -- lifeexpectancy at birth, educational attainment and inflation-adjustedincome. It ranks the top five countries in human development asCanada, the United States, Japan, the Netherlands and Norway and ranksthe top five among developing countries as Cyprus, Barbados, Bahamas,South Korea and Argentina.

-step 5) Synthesis: Putting information together

• People come from different family background
• People have different level of education
• Some certain people are just selfish and immoral
• Different path of national background of each country
• Existence of corruption in the world
• National Resources
• Religions and believes
• Different level of income, which effects national revenue of each country
• Random habits and personalities of human, etc....

-step 6) Evaluation: I personally believe that people have all the right in equality. It doesn't matter in which religion you believe in, or in which country you were born. As long as morality occurs, "gap" between rich and poor will gradually fade away from our global society.